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中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

  中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄

  由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

  麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

  一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

  此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

  作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。

  美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

  这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。

  从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

  两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

  House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

  (ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

  The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

  Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

  On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

  On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

  Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

  As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

  But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

  CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

  This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

  Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

  From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

  Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

  The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

  • 新春走基层|甘肃临夏:大学生“牵手”乡村就业工厂******

      新华社兰州1月11日电 题:甘肃临夏:大学生“牵手”乡村就业工厂

      新华社记者

      打开电脑、登录网站,刚大学毕业不久的马全祥熟练地运营着一家网店。和城市里的上班族不同的是,他的工作地点是在西北老家甘肃省临夏回族自治州一家乡村就业工厂。

      临夏回族自治州自古被称为西部“旱码头”,这里商业发达,依托当地牛羊养殖建立起的皮毛加工业更是十分兴旺。广河县三甲集镇就是著名的皮毛交易中心。

      马全祥就业的甘肃西裕工贸有限公司是县上成立的乡村就业工厂,主要从事皮毛马甲生产和整皮加工,并开发生产护膝、护腰、护肩等产品。公司车间员工有307人,大多来自周边农村。

      临近春节,车间里复工复产的景象“热气腾腾”,员工们忙碌在各条生产线上。

      广河县乡村就业工厂内,1997年出生的马天龙正在直播带货。新华社记者马莎 摄

      2020年以来,因为疫情原因,很多线下实体店经营困难,西裕公司将经营转到线上。然而,网络运营及销售人才短缺成了公司发展的最大短板。“普通工人口才表达能力有限,也不懂网络技术,急需相关专业的大学生进入企业。”公司负责人马中云介绍。

      马全祥2019年从西北民族大学毕业后,在外闯荡了半年,因为家里人口多,经济压力大,他便在2020年回到了家乡。随后,马全祥应聘到西裕公司工作。

      一开始,他负责客服和售后,每月只有3000多元的固定工资。熟悉企业运营后,公司将两个网上店铺交给他打理,并将这两个店铺一部分股份转让给他。马全祥的收入也从拿固定工资变为绩效奖励。2022年,马全祥的税后收入超过10万元,他非常高兴,将大部分收入补贴家用。

      广河县乡村就业工厂内,1999年出生的客服杨小倩正在回答电商平台上顾客们的问题。新华社记者马莎 摄

      “家里人口比较多,有妹妹和弟弟还在上学。我的收入可以极大缓解家里的经济状况。”马全祥这几天在网上翻阅各种汽车信息,并准备考取驾照。有了稳定的收入,买车也提上了日程。

      马全祥非常庆幸自己的选择,对将来也充满信心:“电商在乡村振兴中是一片蓝海,前景非常广阔。”

      马中云说,2022年企业又招聘了6名毕业大学生,他们有的来自甘肃省内高校,有的来自省外高校。目前公司在职的大学生达到了16名。

      广河县乡村就业工厂内,“90”后大学生正在直播带货。新华社记者周梦蝶 摄

      记者采访发现,许多乡村就业工厂靠近原料产地,生产的商品物美价廉质优,但由于缺乏人才和先进的市场营销手段,总是出现“有货无市”的现象。“我们还要继续加大大学生的招聘力度,以此提升管理和营销水平,推动商品走出去。”马中云说。

      此外,当地政府也大力支持乡村就业工厂吸收大学生就业,并给予企业每人1500元的就业补贴。目前,广河县已有264名大学毕业生在乡村就业工厂就业,他们逐渐成为乡村振兴的新力量。(记者姜伟超、胡伟杰、马莎、周梦蝶)

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